This article deals with the transaction costs in the passenger and cargo air transport sector for United States and Brazilian airlines. After discussing transaction costs and their importance, a comparative study is conducted on their relevance for companies in these two countries. The study concludes that transaction costs for Brazilian airlines are proportionally about five times higher than those for US airlines. Finally, simulations are performed for the economic operating results of airlines from both countries if their transaction costs were zero.

The growth of mobile phones and the internet technologies have greatly improved access to information and encompassed the social and business world. From the Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICTD) perspective, researchers are interested in whether mobiles promote or enable economic growth or broader well-being. In developing countries, a successful model in one country cannot easily be replicated in another country. This study investigates the factors that may lead to adopting mobile commerce in a developing country in South Asia.

Survival of enterprise to some degree depends on how to manage transaction cost. It is more so in a highly competitive market with competitive products such as technology-based products. In economics, the theory of transaction costs is based on the assumption that people are influenced by competitive self-interest. Transaction cost economy which was developed by Williamson (1981) is based on uncertainty and unpredictability in the world. Asset specificity, organizations that enter into transactions find it expensive to leave them, inherent opportunistic behavior of individuals in an economic transaction making it harder for contractual agreements to be enforced fully after a long period of time. Although the transaction cost has been extensively discussed and used in supply chain management field, no economic theoretical arguments has been advanced as to how transaction cost help improving economic growth. This paper attempts to explain how transaction cost could add to economic growth.

This paper explores competitive balance and the factors influencing a firms decision to adopt competitive or cooperative actions to maintain equilibrium within a triadic structure. Drawing upon the competitive dynamics theory and structural balance theory, we empirically tested our hypotheses using data collected from global semiconductor firms. We predicted how a firms actions are shaped by its perception of balance, influenced by the current competitive and cooperative situation within a triad relationship. Our findings indicate that when a focal firm perceives lower competitive tension within the triadic structure, it tends to engage in cooperative actions with its partners partner and competitors competitor in the future. Conversely, when a focal firm perceives higher competitive tension, it is more likely to adopt competitive actions, such as competing with its partners competitor and competitors partner in the future. Our results provided a new avenue for studying the formation of competitive and cooperative relationship.

This study discusses qualitative research to profoundly understand South Asias high-performance work systems (HPWS) development based on the Ability, Motivation, and Opportunities (AMO) model. Further, this study classifies three distinctive types of human resource (HR) practices — Takeuchi et al. (2007), Sun et al. (2007), and Chuang and Liao (2010) — into different sets of HR practices. Obtaining the conceptual concepts from the HPWS literature, this study tries to enhance our understanding by acquiring realistic ideas to propose a conceptual model involving several open questions that may provide scholars and practitioners more insights into understanding what HR practices constitute South Asia HPWS.

It can be argued (Todnem,2005) that the successful management of change is crucial to any Organisation/ project to survive, be developed and succeed in the current competitive and continuously evolving business environment. However, theories and approaches to change management currently available are often contradictory, mostly lacking empirical evidence and supported by unchallenged hypotheses concerning the nature of organisational change management. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to provide a review of some of the main theories and approaches to organisational change management as an important first step towards constructing a new framework for managing change. Having as fundamental basis the Change theories and the principle of project management compose a change process based on project management principle and steps. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to provide a review of theories and approaches currently available in a bid to encourage further research into the nature of organisational change with the aim of constructing a new and realistic framework for the management of it. This article will concentrate on the main characteristics of change the relative theories, the commons between the project management process and change and proposed a project management way facing any organisational change. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.

This study investigates whether the U.S. Federal Reserve’s balance sheet can be used to predict macroeconomic outcomes. The Federal Reserve writes its own accounting standards, and I recast portions of the Federal Reserve’s weekly balance sheet as if it more closely followed Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Specifically, I estimate the fair value of the Federal Reserve’s U.S. Treasury notes and bonds and calculate the associated unrealized gains and losses. I demonstrate that unrealized gains (losses) on the Federal Reserve’s U.S. Treasury notes and bonds are associated with lower (higher) one-quarter ahead inflation and real gross domestic product growth. Additionally, I show that modifying proxies for macroeconomic news to incorporate the predictive value of unrealized gains and losses on the Federal Reserve’s U.S. Treasury notes and bonds helps explain equity returns around the release of macroeconomic data.

World War I was a global conflict produced blood filled trenches, battlefields of dead, and mangled soldiers. Some may feel that this war has little to do with the field of marketing. However, marketing played a key role in the war. Despite the important role of marketing in the war, scholars have not fully explored the impact of promotion and propaganda on the war effort. Marketing efforts related to World War I may not have had the impact as the millions of soldiers who took active part in the conflict. It did however play an important role in the filling the ranks of the armed forces of the nations involved in the war. The United States, and other nations, during the war developed increasingly more sophisticated marketing, public relations, and propaganda campaigns in order to culturally mobilize the home front, and to recruit additional fresh troops into the conflict in those nations which did not engage in conscription. Efforts to market World War I helped develop marketing tactics used today to brand and publicize products and services. A key figure in the efforts to market World War I to the American public was George Creel. Creel was the head of the Committee on Public Information. Creel was a successful promoter and champion of many of the reform causes of the early part of the 20th Century. Creel’s marketing efforts impact on America’s role in World War I was indeed significant. The topic of this paper is the impact of World War I on the development of marketing related tools and techniques. Many of the techniques and tools developed during the Great War are still used today to sell products, in the United States and in the rest of the world presently. Much of this paper will focus on the efforts of George Creel and the Committee on Public Information efforts to promote World War I, and how this organization impacted the development of marketing during its short existence.